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Background: Tamra Bhasma is derived from metallic copper that is recommended for different ailmentsof liver and spleen, dropsy, abdominal pain, heart disease, colitis, tumors, anemia, loss of appetite,tuberculosis, as well as eye problems.Objectives: The knowledge of crystallite size and active ingredients in Bhasma materials is limitedrestricting its use as nanomedicine in the modern era. Also, the 2015 Nobel prize in medicine hasmotivated many researchers towards traditional medicines. Therefore, the different chemical andphysical properties of prepared Tamra Bhasma has been studied by modern experimental tools (XRD,VSM, SEM, FTIR and PL spectrometer) and the preliminary testing of Tamra Bhasma nanoparticles wasexamined on bacteria.Materials and methods: Bhasma is prepared by metals and minerals using three step procedures e.g.Shodhana, Bhavana and Marana. In the present work, for the preparation of Tamra Bhasma, pulverizedcopper wire was used and prepared by the principle of Puta (incineration) in an Electrical Muffle Furnace(EMF).Results: X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy results revealed that the crystallitesize of Bhasma powder was less than 100 nm and nanocrystallites of aglomerated size in micrometer.Magnetometer measurement supports its medicinal value. Photoluminescence (PL) properties of nanocrystalline Bhasma powder was investigated in UV-NIR region and shows luminescence in visible region.The antimicrobial study of Tamra Bhasma shows effectiveness on bacteria and, may be useful to controlthe bacterial infection disease.Conclusion: Scientific data obtained using modern scientific tools and evidence would support in utilizing the ancient Indian wisdom of Ayurveda for the development of newer drugs as a modern nanomedicine and in other possible technological applications.© 2017 Transdisciplinary University, Bangalore and World Ayurveda Foundation. Publishing Services byElsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
ABSTRACT
Neste estudo foram isoladas seis espécies de trichoderma isoladas de solos rizosféricos de arrozais, bananeiras, dendezeiros, seringueiras, hortaliças e pastagens. As espécies são t. harzianum, t. viride, t. koningii, t. asperellum, and t. parareesei. O estudo morfológico como pigmentação, crescimento de colônias e estudos anatômicos como aparências de conidiação, tamanho de conídios, padrão de ramificação dos conidióforos, formas de phialides, ausência ou presença de clamidósporos foram realizados para identificar as espécies de trichoderma. As espécies de trichoderma harzianum foram abundantes no solo enquanto as de t. viren foram a segunda mais frequente no solo. Todas as espécies apresentaram atividade antagônica contra o fusarium oxysporum. Enquanto t. parareesei apresentou a maior atividade antagônica de 91,10% contra f.oxysporum, relatado como melhor agente antagonista para fitopatógeno.
In this study, six species of trichoderma isolated from rhizospheric soils of rice fields, banana trees, oil palm trees, rubber trees, vegetables and pastures were isolated. The species are t. harzianum, t. viride, t. koningii, t. asperellum, and t. I will stop. Morphological studies such as pigmentation, colony growth and anatomical studies such as appearance of conidia, size of conidia, branching pattern of conidiophores, forms of phialides, absence or presence of chlamydospores were performed to identify the species of trichoderma. The species of trichoderma harzianum were abundant in the soil while those of t. viren were the second most frequent in the soil. All species showed antagonistic activity against fusarium oxysporum. While t. parareesei presented the greatest antagonistic activity of 91.10% against f.oxysporum, reported as the best antagonistic agent for phytopathogen.
Subject(s)
Soil , Trichoderma , Fungi , FusariumABSTRACT
Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is still one of the important causes of maternal and fetal mortality in Bangladesh. Many researches have been done to identify a unique screening test that would predict the risk of developing PE before the classic symptoms appear. One of the most accessible and easiest screening tests is serum uric acid measurement. Numerous studies have demonstrated a relation between elevated maternal serum uric acid levels and adverse maternal and fetal outcome. Among several pathophysiologic factors the most commonly accepted explanation for hyperuricemia in PE is increased reabsorption and decreased excretion of uric acid. Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the association of serum uric acid with preeclampsia. Materials and method: A case control study was conducted in the department of Biochemistry, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from July 2010 to June 2011. A total number of 100 pregnant women in third trimester of pregnancy attending in Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital were selected purposively as study subjects. Among them 50 pregnant women with preeclampsia were selected as cases and 50 normal healthy pregnant women as controls. Results: Most of the study subjects were within 21 – 30 years of age group and mean age in case and control was 24.06±3.71 and 24.66±3.22 years respectively, which was not statistically different. Mean gestational age in case and control was 33.50±2.55 weeks and 33.60±2.95 weeks respectively, which was also not statistically different. Among the study subjects majority was primi in both groups (case 76%, contol 58%) showing no statistical significance. Majority of the subjects in both groups were irregular in their antenatal checkup (case 52%, contol 40%). Uric acid concentration was measured in all the study subjects. The mean serum uric acid concentration in cases and controls were 7.01±1.90 mg/dl and 4.55±1.63 mg/dl respectively. This difference was highly significant in statistical point of view. Conclusion: Hyperuricemia is associated with preeclampsia.
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Preeclampsia is one of the most leading causes of maternal mortality in developing countries. Many studies have demonstrated the relation between alteration of iron status and preeclampsia. The aim of the study was to assess the status of iron in preeclampsia. This case control study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from July 2010 to June 2011. A total number of 100 pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy attending the Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital were selected purposively as study subjects. Among them 50 diagnosed cases of preeclampsia were selected as cases and 50 normal healthy pregnant women as controls. Serum ferritin and serum iron concentration were measured in all study subjects. The mean serum ferritin concentration in cases and controls were 95.06±50.07 μg/l and 45.56±27.44 μg/l respectively. Mean serum iron concentration in cases was 121.78±41.93 μg/dl and that in controls was 61.04±24.18 μg/dl. The present study showed significant differences of mean serum ferritin and serum iron between cases and controls. The study revealed presence of significantly higher level of serum ferritin and serum iron in preeclamptic group.
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An investigation was made to see the salt tolerance of 10 weed species of rice. Properly dried and treated seeds of weed species were placed on 9 cm diameter petridishes lined with Whatman No. 1 filter paper under 6 salinity regimes, viz. 0 (control), 4, 8, 16, 24 and 32 dS m-1. The petri dishes were then kept in germinator at 25±1.0oC and 12 hr light. The number of germinated seeds were recorded daily. The final germination percentage, germination index (GI), seedling vigour index, mean germination time and time for 50% germination were estimated. Root and shoot lengths of the weed seedlings were measured at 20 days after salt application and relative growth values were calculated. Results revealed that salinity decreased final germination percentage, seed of germination as measured by GI, and shoot and root length in all the species. Germination of most of the weed seeds was completely arrested (0) at 32 dS m-1 salinity except in E. colona (12%) and C. iria (13.9%). The species C. iria, E. colona, J. linifolia and E. crusgalli showed better germination (above 30%) upto 24 dS m-1 salinity level and were regarded as salt-tolerant weed species. J. linifolia, F. miliacea, L. chinensis and O. sativa L. (weedy rice) were graded as moderately tolerant and S. zeylanica, S. grosus and C. difformis were regarded as least tolerant weed species.